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What is hay fever?
Hay fever, otherwise known as seasonal
allergic rhinitis or pollinosis, is an
allergic reaction to airborne substances
such as pollen that get into the upper
respiratory passages - the nose, sinus,
throat - and also the eyes.
Perennial allergic rhinitis is a similar
allergy that occurs all year round and
is caused by things such as house dust,
mites and pets. However the predominant
allergen changes from time to time.
If you have hay fever, you are not
alone. An estimated 26.1 million
Americans have hay fever symptoms each
year. 14.6 million Americans have
asthma, which can often accompany hay
fever.
Why
do you get hay fever?
Different microscopic substances get
into the nose and cause the body to
produce antibodies and release
histamine.
Histamine irritates the upper
respiratory passages, making them swell
and producing the typical hay fever
symptoms.
A tendency to suffer allergies is often
hereditary. The most common causes of
hay fever are:
-
Tree
pollen such as elder, elm, hazel and
especially birch (spring hay fever)
-
Grass
pollen (summer hay fever)
-
Mugwort
and hybrids such as chrysanthemum
(autumn hay fever).
-
House
dust mites and mould fungus -
particularly associated with
perennial allergic rhinitis.
Anyone can develop an allergy to a
common substance, but those who do
usually have inherited the tendency as a
family trait. The sensitivity is
developed after exposure to the
substance. Hay fever is a good example
of this process.
During the seasons when plants are
pollinating, everyone in the surrounding
area is exposed. People with allergic
tendency may develop sensitivity to any
one or more of the pollens, although
certain pollens are more likely to cause
an allergic reaction than others.
Pollens that are light enough to be
wind=borne are what cause the problem
for most hay-fever sufferers. Heavier
pollens that are carried from plant to
plant by bees and by other insects can
also be allergens, but they cause
trouble only when a person comes into
direct contact with the plant. Airborne
pollens can penetrate anywhere, indoors
and out, and are most numerous at the
height of the pollinating season for the
particular plant.
What are the symptoms of hay fever?
Sneezing that is repeated and prolonged
is the most common mark of the hay fever
sufferer. A stuffy and watery nose is
also a main sign of hay fever. Other
symptoms include redness, swelling and
itching of the eyes, itching of the
nose, throat and mouth and itching of
the ears, or other ear problems.
Breathing difficulties at night due to
obstruction of the nose may interfere
with sleep.
These symptoms differ in degree
according to the individual, ranging
from mild to severe. When severe, they
are very uncomfortable, make it
difficult to carry out daily tasks, and
may cause loss of time from work and
school.
Health complications from repeated hay
fever attacks, year after year, may be
an even more serious problem. Chronic
sinusitis -- inflammation of the sinus
cavities -- is one of these problems.
Another is nasal polyps, or growths. In
addition, significant percentages of
people with hay fever have or develop
asthma and sleeping difficulties that
can lead to chronic fatigue (because of
blacked nasal passages and snoring).
If you suffer from hay fever you should
do whatever you can to avoid substances
that provoke hypersensitivity. Otherwise
you will increase the risk of developing
other, more serious, allergic diseases.
Symptoms can be controlled through
treatment, but you can't get rid of the
allergy itself. However, hay fever is
usually more of a nuisance than harm to
health, and the symptoms of many people
improve over time.
What
medicine can i take?
There are numerous medicines that can be
used to relieve the symptoms of hay
fever. many of these are now available
over-the-counter from pharmacies and our
pharmacist will be able to advise on
which are most suitable for you.
The choice will often depend on which
symptoms trouble you the most.
Avoidance is the best treatment for
any allergy whenever possible.
keeping doors and windows closed in
the home and in your car and
avoiding vigorous outside activity
will help to lessen your exposure
during times when the pollen count
is high. Removing pets from the home
and dust and mold control measures
can significantly relieve symptoms
due to perennial allergens.
Using air conditioning and air
purifying devices may help cut down
on suffering during the hay fever
season, so that normal sleep and
work are possible. Dust masks should
be used during outdoor work if the
work cannot be avoided.
Antihistamine tablets and syrups
Antihistamines prevent the histamine
your body produces to the allergen
from causing the allergic symptoms.
They are good at relieving sneezing,
itching and runny nose and eye
symptoms, but are slightly less
effective at reducing a blocked
nose. There are two main types:
-
Those that cause drowsiness,
such as chlorpheniramine and
promethazine
-
Newer medicines that cause
less or no drowsiness, such
as acrivastine, cetirizine
and loratadine
Many
people prefer to use the newer
medicines because they can usually
be taken once daily and allow you to
get on with your daily activities
without problems. Many
antihistamines can be bought
over-the-counter, but some, e.g.
terfenadine, are available on
prescription only.Be careful not to
drive or operate dangerous machinery
until you know how an antihistamine
affects you. It is generally best to
start with a low dose and increase
the dose gradually until symptoms
are controlled or until the maximum
dose is reached.
Antihistamine nasal sprays and drops
Antihistamines that are used
directly in the nose are azelastine
and levocabasine, both of which can
be bought over-the-counter. These
can be used to provide rapid relief
of sneezing, itching and runny nose,
but have no effect on other symptoms
such as itchy eyes. They can also be
used regularly to prevent nasal
symptoms, but are less effective
than nasal corticosteroids.
Nasal
corticosteroids
There are two steroid nasal
preparations that can be bought from
pharmacies: beclomethasone and
flunisolide. Others are also
available on prescription only.
Nasal steroids reduce inflammation
in the nasal passages and are better
than oral antihistamines at
relieving most nasal symptoms,
including a blocked nose. They also
relieve eye symptoms. Nasal steroids
have to be used regularly to be
effective. They are best started a
couple of weeks before the pollen
season begins.
Nasal
cromoglicate
Nasal sprays containing sodium
cromoglicate are also used to
prevent nasal symptoms, ideally
starting treatment a couple of weeks
before the pollen season. They are
less effective than nasal
corticosteroids, but are often the
first choice for young children.
Nasal
decongestants
Nose drops and sprays containing
decongestants such as xylometazoline
can be bought over-the-counter to
treat a blocked nose. They should
only be used for a few days,
otherwise they can cause 'rebound
congestion' when you stop using
them.
Antihistamine eye drops
Antihistamine drops can be useful if
eye symptoms are your biggest
problem. They include antazoline,
azelastine and levocabastine, which
you can buy from pharmacies. The
drops provide rapid relief from
itchy, red, watery eyes.
Cromoglicate eye drops
Drops containing sodium cromoglicate
or nedocromil should be used
regularly, as with nasal
cromoglicate products, to prevent
the allergic reaction occurring.
Cromoglicate drops can be bought
from pharmacies and are also
suitable if eye symptoms prevail.
Saline (salt water) nose drops are
often helpful in relieving nasal
symptoms. You may purchase these
already mixed (Salinex, Ocean) or
you may make your own by mixing 1
cup of water, 1/2 teaspoon salt, and
a pinch of baking soda. Inhale a
handful of this solution at a time.
Discard the homemade solution after
twenty-four hours because it
contains no preservative.
Immunotherapy (desensitising
vaccines)
This treatment is only used when
allergen avoidance and medicines
have proved ineffective at treating
a severe allergy. Injections of
small amounts of the known
allergy-causing substance are given
to create tolerance to the allergen
and prevent the immune system
producing too much histamine when it
encounters it. This treatment has to
take place over a long time and
requires strict adherence.
Vasomotor Rhinitis
Nasal passages have rich supplies of
blood vessels. When they become
engorged with blood, the nose gets
stuffy. As fluid leaks out of the
vessels, a veritable Niagara of
mucus flow can start and some of it
can leak back into the throat
(post-nasal drip). It is all a part
of vasomotor rhinitis - vasomotor
for the blood vessel connection and
rhinitis for the nasal tissue
inflammation.
You cannot really call this an
illness as much as an exaggeration
of normal events. The cells involved
produce up to a pint of fluid a day,
even in normal people. Patients with
vasomotor rhinitis are
super-sensitive to the irritants
that give rise to all of this nasal
activity.
Temperature or humidity changes,
strong odors, alcohol, tobacco
smoke, even changing a position in
bed at night can cause it. You have
to avoid such situations. It is a
chronic problem; so don't expect
time to take care of it.
A lot of vasomotor rhinitis
sufferers get relief from
decongestants taken orally. They can
cause tissue constriction and get
you over particularly bad times.
Those that contain pseudoephedrine
help. Some people may have such a
severe onset of the problem that
they need cortisone drugs applied to
the nasal membranes.
Over-the-counter decongestant nasal
sprays may give temporary relief,
but it is usually quite short-lived
and they can, with excessive use,
cause rebound swelling worse than
the original problem. Try to bet
along without them.
--- Quoted from
the reports of American Lung
Association, University of Oregon
Health Center Allergy Clinic and
NetDoctor. ---
Philip L. Yang, a licensed
acupuncturist, posses a special
technique of acupuncture - Qi
acupuncture. Combing Qigong and
needling techniques, he applies Qi
through needles into acupuncture
points and the corresponding
channels to manipulate the energy
inside our body. Specially, Mr. Yang
is very successful in healing
allergies, including hay fever,
asthma, rhinitis, sinus, etc. in his
clinical practice, the success
ratios are as the following:
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